Running Linked to Multiple Brain Health Benefits, Studies Show

Research has identified several ways in which running and other aerobic activities support brain health, with effects observed across different age groups and brain functions.

Engaging in aerobic exercise such as running has been found to increase the presence of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, a protein that contributes to neuroplasticity and supports the maintenance of healthy brain cells. This process is associated with the brain’s ability to adapt and form new connections.

Regular running also affects neurotransmitter levels, including dopamine and serotonin, which are linked to mood regulation, motivation, and alertness. These changes may contribute to improved cognitive and emotional well-being.

Interval running, which involves alternating periods of high-intensity effort and recovery, has been shown to enhance executive functions such as attention, task switching, and problem-solving. Notably, measurable improvements in these areas have been observed after just ten minutes of sprinting.

What the numbers show

• Older adults can experience a 2% increase in hippocampus volume after one year of aerobic exercise
• Measurable executive function gains can occur after 10 minutes of interval running
• Running increases BDNF, which supports neuroplasticity in the brain

Studies involving young adult endurance runners indicate that running enhances functional connectivity between brain regions responsible for planning, decision-making, and attention. This increased connectivity may support more efficient information processing during complex tasks.

In addition to cognitive benefits, exercise has been documented to reduce the body’s biological stress response. This includes lowering the release of cortisol, a hormone associated with stress, and decreasing heart rate reactivity during challenging situations.

Research findings suggest that the positive effects of running on the brain are not limited to a single aspect of mental function. Improvements have been recorded in areas ranging from memory and learning to emotional regulation and stress management.

Overall, the evidence indicates that incorporating running or similar aerobic activities into a regular routine can contribute to both structural and functional brain health across the lifespan.

* This article is based on publicly available information at the time of writing.